How to Analyze - 747 Words

How To Analyze A Case In a case study there is no right or wrong answer. The following suggestions will help you to analyze case studies more effectively: Read the case: The first step to a successful case solution is to read the case, carefully and with an eye for detail – more than once. Don’t rush through it. Look for the smallest of details. That is the only correct way to read intelligent conclusions. Look for case attachments and accompanying tables and numbers if available. Do not reach conclusions until all facts are considered. Your best defense against surprise is to read the case thoroughly. Take notes: Unlike textbooks which are written in chapter, essay or reprint form, case studies might be arranged in chronological order.†¦show more content†¦Be specific about how the company will know if it succeeded. Quantify the desired results whenever you can. Identify alternatives: After identifying the problem, start thinking about the various alternatives available to the orga nization. There are usually more than two alternatives. Once you identify the alternatives, list the pros and cons of each alternative. This will help you revise the alternatives later in the decision-making process. How To Analyze A Case – Page 2 Define the crucial or critical Issues: The crucial issues are those conditions, which affect the feasibility of the various alternatives. They serve as organizing points around which facts can be grouped and deductions drawn. Identify and rank the critical issues: These issues are at the heart of the case. If you miss a critical issue, you may not be able to solve the case to the satisfaction of your professor (or the client). Consider relevant information and underlying assumptions: Accept the fact that much of the information contained in the case will not be useful to your analysis. You should also accept the fact that you will never know all that you would like in order to produce a solution. Life is like that. So are case studies. List possible solutions: Every problem lends itself to more than one solution. Keep looking for good ideas – even when you have already thought of one that will solve the problem. Listing possibleShow MoreRelatedHow to Analyze an Expository Essa y1684 Words   |  7 Pagessupervisors and co-workers about the companys finances and progress. In order to analyze these expository samples effectively, you must first read the essay, determine the type of expository essay it is, perform a SOAPSTTONE on the essay sample, evaluate whether if the author was successful in conveying his or her purpose to the audience, and lastly, determine any personal relevance to the essay. The expository essay How to Operate the Shower Curtain by Ian Frazier will be used as a reference andRead MoreEssay on How to Analyze a Website700 Words   |  3 PagesHow to Analyze a Web Site Gina Dobbii BSHS 351 April 5, 2012 Firpo Carr How to Analyze a Web Site Designing a website may vary from person to person depending on their taste and style. There are millions of websites out there, each one designed differently from another. When you want to analyze a website quickly and simply there are a few fast standards that all websites should follow. These are 10 steps someone can follow to analyze a website in minutes. 1. Don’t make me think, thisRead MoreHow To Analyze Films Essay2232 Words   |  9 PagesDid you know it is more to film broadcasting than just visible viewing it? The ability to analyze films implicates closely examination of cinematography. Cinematography refers to the process in film of lighting a shot and achieving quality in the visual images that are captured. The cinematographer in any film is also known as the director of photography and may be either an artist or a technician. It is this individual who is responsible for ensuring that the images appearing on screen are presentedRead MoreHow to Analyze the Regression Analysis Output from Excel971 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Analyze the Regression Analysis Output from Excel In a simple regression model, we are trying to determine if a variable Y is linearly dependent on variable X. That is, whenever X changes, Y also changes linearly. A linear relationship is a straight line relationship. In the form of an equation, this relationship can be expressed as Y = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²X + e In this equation, Y is the dependent variable, and X is the independent variable. ÃŽ ± is the intercept of the regression line, and ÃŽ ² is theRead MoreAnalyze How Theories Of Motivation And Human Behavior Impact1626 Words   |  7 Pages Analyze how theories of motivation and human behavior impact strategies of change management Behavioral management theory was developed in response to the need to account for employee behavior and motivation. The shift moved management from a production orientation (classical leadership theory) to a leadership style focused on the workers human need for work- related satisfaction and good working conditions before theorists started writing about employee satisfaction and good working conditionsRead MoreChapter Five Analyzes How The Different Studies, Like Retrospective1050 Words   |  5 PagesChapter five analyzes how the different studies, like retrospective and prospective studies are useful in clinical studies. To better understand a clinical study first, it is important to take in consideration that there are key words that we need to read before assuming that a piece of information is statistic significant. For instance, there is a difference between all the studies that scientists used to determinate the relationship of a disease status and an exposure. These studies are experimentalRead MoreBusiness : Biblical Values And Analyze How Productivity, Profit, And Competition875 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is to evaluate business under Biblical values and analyze how productivity, profit, and competition can be used and misused in Biblical context. By the definition Merriam-Webster provides, business is defined as, â€Å"the activity of making, buying, or selling goods or providing services in exchange for money.† Business present-day is indeed profitable; albeit riddled with pitfalls. However, from a Biblical stance, an important matter is how that wealth is attained and handled. Luke 16:11 offersRead More Analyze how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of Act 31300 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of Act 3 of The Crucible. During this essay, I will be explaining how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at thee end of Act 3 of his novel, The Crucible. I will be organizing this essay in paragraphs by points. Here are the main points I will be analyzing: - Setting - Stage Directions - Characters and Language - Comparing thee witch trials to the McCarthyism Proctor brings Mary to court and tells Judge DanforthRead More Oliver twist - I am going to analyze how Charles Dickens portrayed2000 Words   |  8 PagesOliver twist - I am going to analyze how Charles Dickens portrayed Olivers life to show his audience the poverty, sickness and desperation that he saw around him ever since he was young. Oliver twist essay I am going to analyze how Charles Dickens portrayed Olivers life to show his audience the poverty, sickness and desperation that he saw around him ever since he was young. The fictitious character Oliver twist was born into extreme poverty. As Dickens writes: It remained a matterRead MoreAP Euro: Analyze how political, religious, and social factors affected the work of scientists in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.882 Words   |  4 PagesThe sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were a period of many changes in world of sciences. Usually the philosophes and researchers of the sciences were either supported or reprimanded by many aspects of life in these centuries. The work of scientists was affected by governments promoting, but also preventing, research of the sciences, religious bodies promoting or condemning the outcomes of experiments and theories and even merging outcomes to religious ideas, and also new relationships between

National Security Structure Development in Steven Hook and...

A Summary and Critical Evaluation of the Key Issues In Post-World War II National Security Structure Development Steven Hook and John Spaniers 2012 book titled â€Å"American foreign policy since WWII serves as one of the most important texts that can be used in understanding the underlying complexities on American foreign policies. Like the first readings that are analyzed in class (American Diplomacy by George Kennan and Surprise, Security, and the American Experience by John Lewis Gaddis), this text also brings history into a more understandable context. Aside from being informative and concise in its historical approach, Hook and Spanier also critiques the several flaws and perspectives that occurred in the American foreign policy†¦show more content†¦The concept is also very evident from the choice of opening quote from Hook and Spaniers book. This quote is specifically delivered by George W. Bush for the introduction of the National Security Strategy of the United States of America. In this quote, he mentioned that We [the U.S] seek instead to create a balance of power that favors human freedom... We will actively work to bring the hope of democracy, development, free markets, and free trade to every corner of the world (2002). This quote mirrors the concept of American Exceptionalism in a way that Bush recognizes that the U.S. is a separate country that needs to salvage the remaining nations of the world through foreign policies. In Hook and Spaniers words, [t]hese words capture the global ambitions of an American president who, despite his optimistic tone, was still recovering from the deadliest attacks ever on his country (2012, p.1). The authors also discussed how the negative things that happened to the Bush administration transpired into Obamas government. Among the earliest effects are the threats on the classic American dream of unending prosperity and opportunity (Hook and Spanier, p.1). On the other hand, the book also discussed how American foreign policies and the overall American exp erienced are affected by the prevailing cultural attitudes and beliefs. On the other hand, David Rothkopf book titled Running the world: The inside story of the National Security

Anthony v. Florida - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1281 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Communism Essay Did you like this example? Anthony v. Florida was a controversial court case that argued who was to blame for the death of a 3 year old child and the legality of certain types of evidence. This was the first case in Florida that introduced the evidence of decomposition odor analysis, post mortem root banding, and cadaver dog hits. The State of florida presented a well developed theory of premeditated murder, but professionals on both sides of the prosecution and defense conflicted over the acceptance of the states evidence and the states theories relevant to the childs death. On July 15, 2008, Cynthia Anthony calls 911 on her daughter Casey Anthony for stealing a vehicle and money. In another call, Cynthia tells the operator that she learns that her granddaughter, Caylee Anthony, is missing. Cynthia then reports that her daughters car smells like theres been a dead body in the damn car. In a report, Casey Anthony claims that she last saw her daughter Caylee when dropping her off with her nanny. Casey then claimed she was employed by Universal Studios. Investigators searched for the suspected nanny but could not find the nannys whereabouts nor did they find the right apartment Casey claimed the nanny lived in. Investigators soon find out that Casey has not been employed by Universal Studios for about 2 years. George Anthony (Casey Anthonys father) then receives a letter in the mail indicating that the family car was in a tow yard. He went to go pick up the car. Upon inspecting the vehicle, both George and the tow yard manager noticed a smell similar to hum an decomposition. They opened the truck and found a maggot filled bag of garbage which the tow manager threw away. The bag was later recovered and it contained a stained paper towel with a large amount of fly pupa. George brings the vehicle home and the next day Cindy Anthony smells decomposure/rot coming from the vehicle and calls the police. Detectives reveal that they found strands of hair that look like Caylees in the trunk of the Anthony family car. Cadaver dogs also pick up the scent of decomposition. Investigators conducted an air sample test that indicated that there were human remains in the trunk. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anthony v. Florida" essay for you Create order On July 16, 2008 police arrest Casey Anthony and charge her with neglect of a child, false statements, and the obstruction of a criminal investigation, and inconsistencies in her statements. On July 22, 2008 officials call Casey a person of interest and police immediately began investigating Caseys belongings and continued their search for evidence. Investigators found duct tape located in various places throughout the case. It was found on a gas can owned by Caseys father, on missing child posters, and eventually, on the skull of the child. All of the duct tape found belonged to the same roll. As investigators continued their search for more evidence, they found an elevated presence of chloroform in the trunk. Investigators then acquired a warrant to search Casey Anthonys laptop. It was found that there were searches for chloroform and self defense. Both Casey and Cindy Anthony admitted to searching those words, but Caseys timestamps at work prove the unlikeliness of that occurring. Cindy however, received an email and searched chloroform in regard to an issue with her dogs. an elevated presence of chloroform in the trunk. On October 14, 2008, Casey Anthony is indicted by a grand jury on charges of first degree murder, aggravated child abuse, aggravated manslaughter of a child, and four counts of providing false information to police. On December 11, 2008 a human skull with a piece of duct tape and skeletal remains of a young child are found in a wooded area near the family home by a utility worker. On December 19, 2008, Police announce that the remains have been identified as Caylee Anthony and she is confirmed deceased. On May 24, 2011, Trial begins in Orlando, Florida. The prosecution states that Casey used duct tape to suffocate Caylee Anthony and the defense contends that the child actually drowned in her grandparents swimming pool. The evidence that was admitted into court was the human hair found in trunk of Casey Anthonys vehicle, decomposition detection, presence of chloroform, cyber evidence, and duct tape. The physical evidence was not convincing during the trial because the defense, prosecution, and jury had difficulty with legal issues the evidence had. The human hair evidence that was found in the Anthonys family car trunk did not have a hair root, so extracting tissue DNA would not be precise for identification. The FBI laboratory analysis on the human hair in the trunk of the Anthony family vehicle demonstrated characteristics of decomposition near the end of where the root would be found. Another legal issue was decomposition detection introduced by the prosecutions expert witness Dr. Vass. Dr. Vass found 41 compounds out of 424 that are associated with decomposition in Caseys trunk. The reason odor analysis was disputed was because the Defense Attorneys expert witness Dr. Furton claims that the findings should conclude evidence of decomposition. In an video interview Defense Attorney Jose Baez, Baez claims that the research Dr. Voss is conducting is experimental and is nowhere near ready for a courtroom(Jose Baez 2012). At the time of the trial, odor-analysis techniques were fairly new and it had lack of acceptance from the scientific community. FBI laboratory results found compounds in the air surrounding the trunk are associated with decomposition. One compound that was found were excessive levels of chloroform. The prosecution then moves on to the stained paper towel retrieved from the trash bag that was found in the trunk. The cause of the stain on the towel was grave wax. Grave wax is the breakdown of fat by water in an oxygen deprived environment. This piece of evidence was disputed by the defense because the grave wax found on the towel originated from human fat when there are fatty acids. Another legal issue the evidence presented was the presence of chloroform. The FBI laboratory confirmed there was chloroform in the trunk but investigators could not prove whether it was a result of spilling contents in the trunk carpet, or it came from an alleged decomposing body. The cyber evidence found in Caseys laptop was also contested because investigators could not prove who performed the search for chloroform or self defens e. The prosecution then made a huge mistake in having their expert witness testify that a chloroform making website found on Caseys laptop was visited 84 times. In reality, it was a MySpace website that was visited 84 times. At any rate, the cyber evidence that was presented was incomplete and inaccurate. Over 300 searches were missing, the timings when the searches were made are are off because someone was searching how to make chloroform and the state argued how could someone look up the ingredients of chloroform before knowing how to make it. The final piece of evidence that was largely contested was the duct tape found partly attached to Caylee Anthonys skull. Since the prosecution believed that the duct tape was the murder weapon, they supported their belief by showing an animation in court that had duct tape superimposed on an image of Caylee Anthony to demonstrate that the tape would cover her mouth and nose, leading to suffocation. The defense objected and claimed that the lower jaw was still attached to the skull. They argued that decomposed bodies have the lower jaw detached because connective tissue has decayed. According to their expert witness Dr. Schiltz, it was hair, ingrown roots, and leaf litter that kept the lower jaw connected to the skull. In addition, the fact that the lower jaw was still attached to the skull indicated that the child did not fully decompose in the bag she was found in.

Transferable Skills Development - 13058 Words

Transferable Skills Development MGT 495 Instructor: Prof. Dr. Mohammad Majid Mahmood Bagram LECTURE-1 Course Description: †¢ This course on Transferable Skills Development uses a unique three-pronged approach - theory, application, and skill development - to make key concepts relevant to todays students. †¢ The course combines traditional theory with cutting-edge today`s Transferable Skills Development issues Challenges that focuses on key elements. †¢ Packed with real-world examples, the course illustrates how successful managers deal with challenges, as well as provides students with step-by-step guidelines for effectively handling skills development functions. †¢ Experiential†¦show more content†¦Conflict management avoids conflicts to a great extent and thus also reduces the stress and tensions of the employees. No one likes to carry his tensions back home and if you fight with your colleagues and other people, you are bound to feel uncomfortable and restless even at home. Conflict management also plays an important role in our personal lives. Tussles and fights spoil relationships and only increase our list of enemies. Everyone needs friends who will stand by us when we need them. Conflict must be avoided at homes as it spoils the ambience and spreads negativity. Individuals tend to disrespect others as a result of conflicts. Conflict management prevents fall out between family members, friends, relatives and makes life peaceful and stress free. Blame game never helps anyone, instead it makes life miserable. No idea can ever be implemented if the individuals fight among themselves. Conflict management helps to find a middle way, an alternative to any problem and successful implementation of the idea. Problems must be addressed at the right time to prevent conflict and its adverse effects at a later stage. Through conflict management skills, an individual explores all the possible reasons to worry which might later lead to a big problem and tries to resolve it as soon as possible. Conflict Management is very important because it is always wise to prevent a fight at theShow MoreRelatedTransferable Skills in workplace1508 Words   |  7 PagesTransferable Skills in Workplace Introduction As a student, it never too soon to look at the job market in which you will be operating as a job seeker, and at what can help you to maximize the chance of having a profitable job. To be attractive to the employer is that students have to acquire during the school time. Nowadays, there have been many researches on employability, which is generally regarded as a broader concept of skills in the workplace. According to the definition given by the HigherRead MoreTransferable Skills1385 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are Transferable Skills? We all have â€Å"learned† abilities and â€Å"natural† abilities. Learned abilities are our skills and natural abilities are our talents. So what are Transferable skills or job-related skills? Simply put, transferable skills are the skills and abilities you have acquired during any activity in your life – your jobs, classes, projects, volunteer work, parenting, hobbies, sports, virtually anything – that are applicable to what you want to do in your next job. Learned abilitiesRead MoreSelf Evaluation, Employability Transferrable Skills1739 Words   |  7 PagesCoursework Header Sheet197958-4 | | Course | BUSI1312: PPD1: Study Skills amp; Self Eval | Course School/Level | BU/UG | Coursework | Assignment 1 - Initial Report | Assessment Weight | 10.00% | Tutor | CR Umney | Submission Deadline | 09/11/2012 | Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student s own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledgedRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Study1527 Words   |  7 Pageswhen assigning the projects. The survey included a relevance scale from 1-7, 1 being extremely irrelevant and 7 being extremely relevant, subsequently the participants were asked as to why they rated the sample assignment the way they did and how the skills may benefit their future employability. Procedure The seminar leaders gave the students a survey link and a time frame of a week to complete the online survey. The online survey was broken into four sections, the first section’s data was used toRead MoreEssay on Key Aspects of Training and Development1569 Words   |  7 PagesKey Aspects of Training and Development In this section I will be identifying the key aspects of training and development programme an explanation of how this is an importance to Southgate college. Training development Development involves helping an individual to realise his or her potential. This concerns general growth, and is not related specifically to the employees existing post. The term training means the gaining of a particular set of knowledge Read MoreProfessional Development Plan Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesProgram of Study and Professional Development Plan Walden University NURS 6000-8, Success Strategies in the Masters of Science Program in Nursing March 4, 2012 Program of Study and Professional Plan The purpose of this assignment is to develop my own personal plan to meet my educational goals at Walden University. It also allows me to begin a dialog with my instructor about my interests and goals and to give a background of my educational and professional experience. PersonalRead MoreEvaluate a Range of Ways to Embed Elements of Functional Skills in Your Specialist Area.625 Words   |  3 PagesEvaluate a range of ways to embed elements of functional skills in your specialist area. Nic Shaw Word Count 558 Functional skills are defined as ‘practical skills in English, information and communication technology (ICT) and mathematics that allow individuals to work confidently, effectively and independently in life.’ (The Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency, 2010). These skills are often termed ‘transferable skills’ as they can be applied (or transferred) to different situations/contextsRead MoreCareer Plan For A Career Development Plan1228 Words   |  5 Pages Career Development Plan Vivian Morgan A career development plan will help you improve or maintain your current level of success and prepare for future opportunities. The career development plan will aid in enhancing my personal growth and heighten my career development. Goals or plans give you the push to move forward in life and to seek better skills that lead to top jobs and positions. This plan includes sections for the following process: 1. Assess my current state. Identify goals and objectivesRead MoreCareer Development : A Graduate Program860 Words   |  4 PagesCareer Development Due to the increasing competitive nature of the employment market, graduate coursework remains an important aspect of an individual who desires to achieve professional and career development. The entry programs offered help to provide learners with an intensive study about related subjects, a factor that helps them prepare for the careers they desire to pursue in life. Working students can also undertake the graduate programs to help improve their skills and expertise as well asRead MoreCollege Is Not Just About Receiving Good Grades842 Words   |  4 PagesCareer Development College is not just about receiving good grades. It is just as valuable for students to get involved in student support programs and extracurricular activities such as internships, community involvement and leaderships. The reason why it s important for students to get involved is so they can apply what they learn in the classroom into practice, gain social skills, develop leadership skills and learn time management skills. Moreover, what make it more respected is the skills gained

Analysis Of Fog Falling On Cedars - 1623 Words

Taking Flight I sit in this AP Language and Composition class trying to decipher the essence of the unending annotations and floods of random texts for the past quarter. Little did I know that I would be taking flight and soaring through the smallest details and threads of literary devices and techniques of analyzing language. Before this class, I looked at a book, aware that it was filled with potential symbolism and crucial themes that were definitely worth considering. Yet, I often paid far less attention to the way words are crafted in efforts to create a beautiful masterpiece. Who knew that the jargon used in Snow Falling on Cedars could significantly shape the overall tone of the book? From the years leading up to this class, the†¦show more content†¦Welty describes the first steps of reading as â€Å"human, but inward...It is to me the voice of the story or poem itself† (Welty 11). Picking up from my knowledge of personification, I gained a new perspective on h ow books play an impact on how one thinks when reading a piece, as it describes the voice of the book as a human. Having said, this gave me the idea that books establish a personal connection between itself and the reader. Following through with the next chapter, Welty recognizes the value of the summer trips she experienced with her family. She makes an interesting analogy between her trips and reading by calling them â€Å"stories. Not only in form, but in their taking on direction, movement, development, change...each trip made its particular revelation, though I could not have found words for it† (68). Connecting this to the title of chapter two, â€Å"learning to see† when reading requires looking closely at the small details and soaking it in, in a way that one can look back upon it later. Once one starts to carefully listen and look at the fluidity and rich ingredients a book has, he/she can find their own voice, which leads into the next chapter. Reading spurs imagination which then allows one to explore their own inner being. Welty best describes her encounter of this by explaining â€Å"my imagination takes its strength and guides its direction from whatShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAppalachian State University William J. White, Northwestern University David Whitlock, Southwest Baptist University Dan Wiljanen, Grand Valley State University Dean Williamson, Brewton-Parker College Hilda Williamson, Hampton University Alice Wilson, Cedar Crest College Barry Wisdom, Southeast Missouri State University Craig Wishart, Fayetteville State University Laura Wolfe, Louisiana State University Melody Wollan, Eastern Illinois University Evan Wood, Taylor University Fort Wayne Chun-Sheng Yu, University

Drugs And Crime Essay Example For Students

Drugs And Crime Essay Use federal tax dollars to fund these therapeutic communities in prisons. I feelthat if we teach these prisoners some self-control and alternative lifestylesthat we can keep them from reentering the prisons once they get out. I am alsogoing to describe some of todays programs that have proven to be veryeffective. Gottfredson and Hirschi developed the general theory of crime. ItAccording to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender areseparate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegalactivities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous. Crimes are committed when they promise rewards with minimum threat of pain orpunishment. Crimes that provide easy, short-term gratification are oftencommitted. The number of offenders may remain the same, while crime ratesfluctuate due to the amount of opportunity (Siegel 1998). Criminal offenders arepeople that are predisposed to committing crimes. This does not mean that theyhave no choice in the matter, it only means that their self-control level islower than average. When a person has limited self-control, they tend to be moreimpulsive and shortsighted. This ties back in with crimes that are committedthat provide easy, short-term gratification. These people do not necessarilyhave a tendency to commit crimes, they just do not look at long-termconsequences and they tend to be reckless and self-centered (Longshore 1998,pp.102-113). These people with lower levels of self-control also engage innon-criminal acts as well. These acts include drinking, gambling, smoking, andillicit sexual activity (Siegel 1998). Also, drug use is a common act that isperformed by these people. They do not look at the consequences of the drugs,while they get the short-term gratification. Sometimes this drug abuse becomesan addiction and then the person will commit other small crimes to get the drugsor them money to get the drugs. In a mid-western study done by Evans et al. (1997, pp. 475-504), there was a significant relationship between self-controland use of illegal drugs. The problem is once these people get into the criminaljustice system, it is hard to get them out. After they do their time and arereleased, it is much easier to be sent back to prison. Once they are out, theyrevert back to their impulsive selves and continue with the only type of lifethey know. They know short-term gratification, the quick fix if youwill. Being locked up with thousands of other people in the same situation asthem is not going to change them at all. They break parole and are sent back toprison. Since the second half of the 1980s, there has been a large growth inprison and jail populations, continuing a trend that started in the 1970s. The proportion of drug users in the incarcerated population also grew at thesame time. By the end of the 1980s, about one-third of those sent to stateprisons had been convicted of a drug offense; the highest in the countryshistory (Reuter 1992, pp. 323-395). With the arrival of crack use in the1980s, the strong relationship between drugs and crime got stronger. The useof cocaine and heroin became very prevalent. Violence on the streets that iscaused by drugs got the publics attention and that put pressure on the policeand courts. Consequently, more arrests were made. While it may seem good atfirst that these people are locked up, with a second look, things are not thatgood. The cost to John Q. Taxpayer for a prisoner in Ohio for a year is around$30,000 (Phipps 1998). That gets pretty expensive when you consider that thereare more than 1,100,000 people in United States prisons today (Siegel 1998). Many prisoners are being held in local jails because of overcrowding. This risein population is largely due to the number of inmates serving time for drugoffenses (Siegel 1998). This is where therapeutic communities come into play. The term therapeutic community has been used in many different forms oftreatment, including residential group homes and special schools, and differentconditions, like mental illness, alcoholism, and drug abuse (Lipton 1998,pp.106-109). In the United States, therapeutic communities are used in therehabilitation of drug addicts in and out of prison. These communities involve atype of group therapy that focuses more on the person a whole and not so muchthe offense they committed or their drug abuse. They use a community ofpeers and role models rather than professional clinicians. They focus onlifestyle changes and tend to be more holistic (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). Bygetting inmates to participate in these programs, the prisoners can break theiraddiction to drugs. By freeing themselves from this addiction they can changetheir lives. These therapeutic communities can teach them some self-control andways that they can direct their energies into more productive things, such assports, reli gion, or work. Seven out of every ten men and eight out of every tenwomen in the criminal justice system used drugs with some regularity prior toentering the criminal justice system (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). With that manypeople in prisons that are using drugs and the connection between drug use andcrime, then if there was any success at all it seems like it would be a step inthe right direction. Many of these offenders will not seek any type of reformwhen they are in the community. They feel that they do not have the time tocommit to go through a program of rehabilitation. It makes sense, then, thatthey should receive treatment while in prison because one thing they have plentyof is time. In 1979, around four percent of the prison population, or about10,000, were receiving treatment through the 160 programs that were availablethroughout the country (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1981). Forty-nine ofthese programs were based on the therapeutic community model, which servedaroun d 4,200 prisoners. In 1989, the percentage of prisoners that participatedin these programs grew to about eleven percent (Chaiken 1989). Some incompletesurveys state today that over half the states provide some form of treatment totheir prisoners and about twenty percent of identified drug-using offenders areusing these programs (Frohling 1989). The public started realizing that drugabuse and crime were on the rise and that something had to be done about it. Separation techniques in forensic scienceIn this study, they found a linear relationship between reduced recidivism ratesand time spent in the program as well as the level of treatment attained. Thisstudy found that it was the attainment of level progress rather than time in thetreatment that was most important. The studies done on New Yorks Stayn Outprogram and Delawares Key-Crest program are some of the first large-scaleevidence that prison-based therapeutic communities actually produce asignificant reduction in recidivism rates and show a consistency over time. Theprograms of the past did work, but before most of the programs were privatelyfunded, and when the funds ran out in seven or eight years, so did the programs. Now with the government backing these types of programs, they should continue toshow a decrease in recidivism. It is much more cost effective to treat theseinmates. A program like Stayn Out cost about $3,000 to $4,000 more than thestandard correctional costs per inmate per year (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). In aprogram in Texas, it was figured that with the money spent on 672 offenders thatentered the program, 74 recidivists would have to be prevented from returning tobreak even. It was estimated that 376 recidivists would be kept from returningusing the therapeutic community program (Eisenberg and Fabelo 1996, pp. 296-318). The savings produced in crime-related and drug use-associated costspay for the cost of treatment in about two to three years. The main questionthat arises when dealing with this subject is whether or not people change. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, the person does not change, only theopportunity changes. By separating themselves from people that commit crimes andcommonly do drugs, they are actually avoiding the opportunity to commit thesecrimes. They do not put themselves in the situation that would allow their lowself-control to take over. Starting relationships with people who exhibitself-control and ending relationships with those who do not is a major factor inthe frequency of committing crimes. Addiction treatment is very important tothis countrys war on drugs. While these abusers are incarcerated it providesus with an excellent opportunity to give them treatment. The will not seektreatment on their own. Without treatment, the chances of them continuing onwith their past behavior are very high. But with the treatment programs we havetoday, things might be looking up. The studies done on the various programs,such as New Yorks Stayn Out and Delawares Key-Crest program, prove thatthere ar e cost effective ways available to treat these prisoners. Not only arethey cost effective, but they are also proven to reduce recidivism ratessignificantly. These findings are very consistent throughout all of theresearch, there are not opposing views. I believe that we can effectively treatthese prisoners while they are incarcerated and they can be released intosociety and be productive, not destructive. Nothing else has worked to thispoint, we owe it to them, and more importantly, we owe it to ourselves. We canagain feel safe on the streets after dark, and we do not have to spend so muchof our money to do it. BibliographyBibliographyBall, J.C., J.W. Shaffer, and D.N. Nurco. 1983. Day-to-day criminality ofheroin addicts in Baltimore: a study in the continuity of offense rates. Drugand Alcohol Dependence. 12: 119-142. Beckett, K. 1994. Setting the PublicAgenda: Street Crime and Drug Use in American Politics. SocialProblems. 41(3): 425-447. Chaiken, M.R. 1989. In-Prison Programs forD rug-Involved Offenders. Research in Brief. Washington, DC: NationalInstitute of Justice. Eisenberg, M., and Tony Fabelo. 1996. Evaluation of theTexas Correctional Substance Abuse Treatment Initiative: The impact of policyresearch. Crime and Delinquency. 42(2): 296-318. Evans, T.D., F.T. Cullen,V.S. Burton, R.G. Dunaway, and M.L. Benson. 1997. The social consequences ofself-control: Testing the general theory of crime. Criminology. 35: 475-504. Frohling, R. 1989. Promising Approaches to Drug Treatment in CorrectionalSettings. Criminal Justice Paper No. 7. National Conference of StateLegislatures, Washington, DC. Inciardi, J.A., S.S. Martin, C.A. Butzin, R.M. Hooper, and L.D. Harrison. 1997. An effective model of prison-based treatmentfor drug-involved offenders. Journal of Drug Issues. 27(2): 261-278. Longshore, D. 1998. Self-Control and Criminal Opportuinty: A Prospective Testof the General Theory of Crime. Social Problems. 45(1): 102-113. Lipton, D.S. 1998. Therapeutic communities: History, effectiveness, and prospects.Corrections Today. 60(6): 106-109. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1981. Drug Abuse Treatment in Prisons. Treatment Research Report Series. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO. Phipps, B. 1998. Criminology class lecturenotes. Reuter, P. 1992. Community Crime Prevention: a review and synthesisof the literature. Justice Quarterly. 5(3): 323-395. Siegel, L.J. 1998. Criminology. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Toumbourou, J.W., M. Hamilton, B. Fallon. 1998. Treatment level progress and time spent in treatment in theprediction of outcomes following drug-free therapeutic community treatment.Addiction. 93(7): 1051-1064. Wexler, H.K., D. Lipton, G.P. Falkin, and A.B. Rosenbaum. 1992. Outcome evaluation of a prison therapeutic community forsubstance abuse treatment. In C.G. Leukkfeld and F.M. Tims (eds.), Drug AbuseTreatment in Prisons and Jails. pp. 156-175. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.

Managing Change at Faslane free essay sample

Source: Julia Belogun Veronica Hope Hailey As indicated above, the changes at Faslane took place in several fronts simultaneously such as People, organisational structures, systems, etc. The following examples can be extracted from the case study to reinforce my reasoning as given above; Organisational changes ? Structural change o Trimming down the management layers from seven to four. o Transforming the organization structure from functional to bureaucratic. ? Leadership change o Handing over the management of Faslane to BNS by the MOD o Reducing the entire management team from 250 to 125 and to current level of 12. Appointing a lesser number of senior managers with change management experience as opposed to a fleet of managers without any know-how. ? Strategic and re-engineering change o Re-designing the approval obtaining mechanism to consume a maximum of six days reducing from 56 days by removing unwanted review points. ? Fundamental and incremental change o Willingness of the MOD to reduce costs and enhance service levels. o Improve and enhance the operational and decision making process Systems changes ? Process oriented change Prior to change, people focused on buildings and infrastructure overlooking the service aspect, now the focus has shifted to delivering a quality service from buildings and infrastructure. Changes involving people ? Changes involving people came about by way of changing the attitudes and behaviour of people to achieve efficiency and performance improvement. This was automatically triggered as a result of other changes that took place in the organisation in terms of organisational and system changes. 2. 0 The change style of John Howie and the role he plays in the process of change tends to take the form of a Transformational leader. John Howie demonstrate most, if not all of the special attributes of a Transformational Leader, which are listed below, ? go beyond the day today management problems. ? Commit people to action and focus. ? Commitment to achieve future goals. ? Provides vision to transform the future. These characteristics are evident from his approach and initiatives throughout his stint of change management in the organization. They include, ? Getting the services from personal from BNS who has exposure to change. ? Getting people from the organization to volunteer to give change ideas. Cost reduction by creating awareness among the employees. ? Organizational Procedures/processes changes. ? Changing the responsibility and accountability structure of the senior management. ? Customer service level enhancement through changing the focus. ? Liaising with external parties to ensure the smooth functioning of the organization. 3. 0 It is of vital importance for the success of any change management proces s to pull the correct levers for change at the correct paradigm of time. As such, when analysing the case, one could observe several types of levers for change were utilized. They are; ? Commitment: communication, participation and involvement of the people who are subject to change would eliminate any fear of change. ? Customer service: tilting focus of employees from buildings and infrastructure to providing an excellent customer service. ? Changing procedures: changing existing procedures that could be an obstacle to the change process. ? Involvement: encourage the involvement of all stakeholders concerned with the process of change. Organisational structural: layoff of the cumbersome functional organisational change structure from seven layers to a more bureaucratic Structure with only four layers. ? Resourcing: Getting right people to right jobs either by external sources (new recruitments) or by the existing staff cadre. Other levers for change that can be used are; ? Performance management : introduction of performance or contribution related pay schemes. Measurement: to determine how well an employee is carrying out the required task. ? Teamwork: Team performance management by way of rewarding the best team effort. 4. 0 ? BNS may face with rising political pressure as a result of questions raised in the minds of both public and politicians alike, as to how greatly reduced cost has compromised the national security and how changing important procedures (to raise customer service standards) concerning a Naval base supporting the nations nuclear deterrent would affect the national security. Unemployment in the Dunbartonshire area may rise due to huge layoffs and voluntary redundancy plans. Therefore, former employees might have to resort for help from social welfare services which in turn would mount pressure on public to demonstrate wide spread protests against the new management of the Naval base. ? The condition of the buildings and infrastructure of the naval base may deteriorate due to partial or total negligence on part of the employees as the new management has an increased emphasis on shifting the focus of the employees in delivering an excellent customer service over the maintenance of same. . 0 It is clearly evident looking at the facts and figures that the change management process is a success. Targeted goals are achieved surpassing by huge margins well before the targeted time frames, targeted levels of service are met satisfactorily and transformation of people in the organization has lead leaders to manage people and teams to get more responsibility of their teams (Accountability and teamwork). Conclusion Managing the change process effectively is of vital importance for success of same. Applying the correct levers for change and using the correct change agents are of equal importance. Implementing change in the organization has successfully taken place as a result of motivating the employees to take part in the change process, by managing the process, by building stability in to new structures and processes and by shaping the political dynamics of change (Nadler and Tushman, 1980). Reference Amstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s HandBook of Human Resource Management Practice Mullins, L. J. (2005). Management and Organisational Behaviour